Upper Quadrant Signals (Styled off of BR Green paint schemes)

Upper Quadrant Signals started being used around the 1840s as concern about the lower quadrant signals grew, Upper Signals work by having the cable that used to hold the signal at Danger instead pull the signal up to clear this prevents the fear of the cable snapping and a train rear ending another one as if the cable snaps it safely falls to danger

Semaphore signals have the arm sticking out to make the signal clear to anyone oncoming train as the steam trains of the day could and would turn the lamps black with soot so the arm is a nessacery feature to make sure, they also allowed for signalling to not be intruppted if the lamp or glass is broken as a phyisical visial reminder

There are also specialised shunting signals used in yards and depots these are much smaller and sit directly nexto the tracks instead of above like the semaphores do, there are also specialised boxes attached to signals called route inicators these simple show which platform the train is going into to the driver